Yield and productivity of component crops in a maizesoybean. The role of intercropping maize zea mays l and cowpea. Chemical weed control is difficult in intercropping system because the herbicide may be selective to one. Intercropping, the agricultural practice of cultivating two or more crops in the same space at the same time, is an old and commonly. Introduction in the tropics, cereal legume intercropping is a common practice aimed at minimizing risks associated with monoculture. The importance of legumes in cereal cropping systems. Pdf intercropping of cereals and legumes for forage. An increase in soil phosphorus p and nitrogen n acquisition by rootinduced biochemical changes of intercropped species has been reported as key processes of facilitation and complementarily between both intercropping legumes and cereals. Interspecific competition, growth and productivity of. Pdf potential role of cereallegume intercropping systems in. Pdf the subsaharan africas population is growing exponentially and it has to fulfill its. In any case, the main reason for the widespread practice of cereallegume intercropping system is that it reduces the need for nitrogen n.
In addition to resource use efficiency intercropping also plays a significant role in weed suppression due to spatial competition between the. Designing appropriate crop management systems and crop rotations. All other cultural practices including irrigation, thinning and weeding were kept normal and uniform for all the treatments. Intercropping, peanut, maize, ler, height plant, biological, economical yield. The treatments were sole maize crop, sole cowpea crop, intercrop 1 spacing of 40 cm between of maize and cowpea and intercrop 2 spacing of 30 cm between maize and cowpea served as treatments. The features of an intercropping system differ with soil, local climate. A field experiment was conducted at botswana college of agriculture garden to investigate the effects intercropping maize and cowpeas on the performance of maize and cowpeas. Legumes in maize based cropping systems are considered to be better alternatives for securing nitrogen economy and increasing. The intercropping of legumes with cereals offers scope for developing energyefficient and sustainable agriculture. Intercropping induce changes in above and below ground.
Identification of advantages of maizelegume intercropping. Legumecereal intercropping is a productive and sustainable system by its nutrient facilitation, and its effect to increase n uptake for intercropped cereal. Intercropping enhances productivity and maintains the most. Intercropping of oats with berseem clover provided earlier and greater fodder yields, and increased milk production by as much as 20 litres per cow per month on average compared with traditional practices.
Legumes differ in their n fixing capacity and n requirements for their growth. Yield and productivity of component crops in a maize. However, the alfalfa must be carefully managed with insecticides, a bugvac suction device, or timely. Boosting land use efficiency, profitability and productivity of finger. A number of factors which must be noticified in selecting cereal legume intercropping compositions, especially for forage production, were considered. Legumecereal intercropping improves forage yield, quality. Intercropping is the growing of two or more crop species simultaneously in the same field during a growing season. An attractive strategy for increasing productivity and labour utilization per unit area of available land is to intensify land use.
To address those issues, intercropping of cereals with pulse crops could increase total. Intercropping system had significant effects on soil fertility and crop yield. Developing countries such as china, india, indonesia, niger, mali and ethiopia have shown considerable interest in intercropping to enhance productivity. Merrill intercropping system under different tillage methods. Abstract a field trial was conducted to study the interspecific competition, growth and productivity of maize and pea in intercropping mixture in the department of crop botany, bangladesh agricultural university from november 2009 to april 2010.
Potential role of cereallegume intercropping systems in integrated soil fertility management in small. Legumesupported cropping systems for europe legume futures is a collaborative research project funded from the european unions seventh programme for research, technological development and demonstration under grant number 245216. Rotation, intercropping and relay cropping of pulses with maize lead to higher land productivity, making maize legume systems especially suitable for smallholders. This chapter describes the various aspects of cereal legume intercropping systems. Cereallegume intercropping plays an important design in. Competition between component crops for light, water and nutrients and agronomic factors such as crop density, sowing date and n application are discussed. In an 85day bean and 120day maize combination, a yield advantage of 20% was removed by sowing beans 28 days after maize. Light and nitrogen were the main factors influencing the production efficiency of cereal legume intercropping systems.
Intercropping of corn with some selected legumes for improved. The aim of this work was to test effect of maizecommon bean intercropping system on the growth, nodulation, yield and n uptake. Save and grow in practice highlights importance of. Wheat faba bean intercropping system in perspective. Competitive ratio, dry matter accumulation, land equivalent ratio, intercropping. Pdf intercropping of cereals and legumes for forage production. Therefore, in maizelegumes intercropping system maize with more than one crop recorded higher yields implying that maizebased cropping system is a good strategy of maximizing land use efficiency in the face of. Intercropping, crop diversity and pest management 3 alfalfa has been used as a trap crop to draw lygus also known as the western tarnished plant bug, lygus hesperus away from main crop plantings of cotton and strawberries fig. In mixed stand of maize and blackgram within 80 cm spacing in 1. All phosphorus 150 g m2 and potassium 100 g m2 and half nitrogen 50 g m2 were applied at sowing, while balance of nitrogen was applied at stem elongation stage.
In ethiopia, food production for a rapidly growing population from a continually shrinking farm size is a prime developmental challenge. Crop rotation and intercropping are regarded as better cropping in terms of yield. Intercropping of grain legumes and cereals improves the use of soil. A simulation model of cereallegume intercropping systems. Physiological responses of maize and cowpea to intercropping. Intercropping resulted to increase the total productivity per unit area and time and equitable utilization of resources marer et al.
The objectives of the present study were i to estimate the effect of competition within cereal legume intercropping systems, e. Yields of intercropping are often higher than in sole cropping systems 6 mainly due to resources such as water, light and nutrients that can be utilised more effectively than in sole cropping systems 7. During the first and second experimental periods, cowpea was used as pulse component. In most cereallegume intercropping, cereal crops form higher canopy structures than legume crops, and the roots of cereal crops grow to a greater depth than those of legume crops. A number of factors which must be noticified in selecting cereallegume intercropping compositions, especially for forage production, were considered. Legumes in maize based cropping systems are considered to be better alternatives for. The intercropping of lucerne with oats produced greater green and dm yields than those of sole crops of either legume table 3. Ecological principles underlying the increase of productivity. Cereallegume intercropping plays an important role in. This also coincided with the takeoff of the usaidmarkets project, charged.
Organizationmtwapa to determine the effects of intercropping on soil moisture, canopy temperature and yield. Overall following this agroecological practice in cropping systems could keep contribution to move the current agroecosystems one step towards sustainability. Though weed problem is less, weed control measures are necessary in intercropping system. The subsaharan africas population is growing exponentially and it has to fulfill its food and nutrition requirement. Cereal legume intercropping plays an important role in subsistence food production in both developed and developing countries, especially in. Intercropping is advanced as one of the integrated soil fertility management practices consisting. Overall following this agroecological practice in cropping systems could keep contribution to move. Legume intercropping systems play a significant role in the efficient utilization of resources. Intercropping of two or more crops especially family poaceae with fabaceae is popular in many countries because yields are often higher than in pure cropping systems11. The experiment was carried out during 2007 growing season table 1 on a sandyloam soil.
Potential role of maizelegume intercropping systems to improve. Structure our staff guidelines for joining ruforum ruforum capability statement. Abstract the effect of intercropping on plant water status, gas exchange and productivity of maize zea mays l. Effect of intercropping in agronomy hossein moradi.
Intercropping for enhanced yield stability and food security. Mar 27, 2015 during the first and second experimental periods, cowpea was used as pulse component. However, intercropping has been shown to produce higher and more stable yields in a wide range of crop combinations, while the system is characterized by minimal use of inputs such as fertilizers and pesticides, emphasizing the production of healthy, safe, and high quality food in the context of. A more ef cient use of soil nutrients in intercropping systems may accelerate soil nutrient depletion, particularly for p, because of higher removal through the produce anders et al. The intercropping systems are useful in terms of increasing productivity and profitability, water and radiation use efficiency, control of weeds, pests and diseases. Yield potential and landuse efficiency of wheat and faba. In mediterranean region, mixtures of certain annual legumes with winter cereals are used extensively for.
Rising input costs, decline in soil quality, and buildup of insect pests, diseases and weeds have threatened the ecological and economic sustainability of crop production. Corn is one of the major cereal crops widely used in cereallegume intercropping. Farmers guide to increased productivity of improved. We studied effects of maizelegume spatial intercropping patterns and soil. Cereallegumes intercropping is common cropping system in which cereal. Intercropping may provide a balanced diet, reduce labor peaks, minimize crop failure due to adverse e ects of biotic. Pdf diseases in intercropping systems researchgate. The apparent increased competitiveness of intercropping systems makes them potentially useful for integration into low in. Yield performance of faba bean wheat intercropping on spring and winter sowing in european organic farming system a. In particular, cereallegume intercropping is commonly employed in china and. Cereal legume intercropping is commonly practiced in world wide. Osiru and willey 1976 confirmed that manipulating the time intervals between growth durations of component crops influences efficiency of cereal legume intercrop systems. Second weeding is not necessary because of crop coverage. In the islamic republic of iran, cereal legume intercropping has been shown to be more productive and profitable than wheat monocropping.
Ler values in these intercropping systems were in the ranges of 1. Here, we estimate the global sole cropped grain legume acquisition of n from soil to approximately 14. The intercropping systems are useful in terms of increasing productivity and profitability, water and radiation use efficiency, control of. Intercropping of cereal and legume can improve the use of resources for crop growth compared to cropping system. Productivity evaluation of maize soybean intercropping. Potential role of cereallegume intercropping systems in integrated soil fertility management in. Intercropping legume with cereal is an extensively applied planting pattern in crop cultivation. In mediterranean region, mixtures of certain annual legumes with winter cereals are used extensively for forage production anil, et al.
The importance of legumes in cereal cropping systems author. Intercropping promotes the ability of legume and cereal to. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Potential role of cereallegume intercropping systems in. The features of an intercropping system differ with soil, local climate, economic situation and. Several findings show the advantages of intercropping by using ler.
Plant production university of limpopo submitted in fulfillment of the requirements of doctor of philosophy crop science in the school of agriculture, earth and environmental sciences. Intercropping, the growth of two or more crop species simultaneously cogrowth in the same field area, has been widely practiced worldwide. For instance, the potential of cereallegume intercropping system to provide. Light and nitrogen were the main factors influencing the production.
Intercropping is a farming practice involving two or more crop species, or genotypes, growing together and coexisting for a time. Four lentil and t wo wheat cultivars were grown as sole crops and intercrops. Cereal legume intercropping is a more productive and profitable cropping system in comparison with solitary cropping evan, 2001. Cereal legumes cropping system is advanced as one of. Intercropping two varieties of maize zea mays l and. The main subject of intercropping is to augment total productivity. Mean total intercrop grain yield before mechanical harvest was higher than mean sole crop 1. The most important mineral element needed by plants is nitrogen, which legumes can help to provide. Cowpea was replaced with jack bean in the third experimental period because two species of beetles, cerotoma arcuata and diabrotica especiosa, seriously attacked the cowpea causing loss of leaf area and damage to root nodules. In addition to resource use efficiency intercropping also plays a significant role in weed suppression due to. Maizegrain legume intercropping for enhanced resource use.
Different indices for evaluating productivity and efficiency per unit area of land of cereallegume intercrop systems, including land equivalent ratio ler, are compared. Effects of intercropping on the performance of maize and. Cereal legume intercropping plays an important design in. On the fringes of modern intensive agriculture, intercropping is important in many subsistence or lowinputresourcelimited agricultural systems. Role of intercropping on yield potential of common vetch. Pdf intercropping is the system of simultaneously growing two or. In intercropping, land is effectively utilized and land equivalent ratio ler is used to measure the productivity of land. Environmental issues agricultural industry agricultural research agricultural systems innovations beans environmental aspects corn cropping systems legumes mimosaceae sustainable. Research effect of row ratio in cereallegume fodder under. Growing legumes in cereal cropping systems is a way to improve and sustain soil fertility and crop yields.
Rotation, intercropping and relay cropping of pulses with maize lead to higher land productivity, making maize. Role of intercropping on yield potential of common vetchoat. Maize has reorganized as a component crop in most intercropping. A simulation model of cereallegume intercropping systems for. To investigate the feasibility of applying an intercropping system as a forage supply source to ruminants, two consecutive experiments experiments 1 and 2 involving a field cultivation. Intercropping two varieties of maize zea mays l and peanut. Existing practices for soil fertility management through cereals. Effect of cropping system on soil moisture content, canopy. Yield performance of faba bean wheat intercropping on. Potential role of cereallegume intercropping systems in integrated. Differences in acquisition and use of light, water and nutrients by the different. The choice of legumes in cropping systems depends on their compatibility with other nonlegume crops. Cereallegume intercropping plays an important role in subsistence food production in both. Cereallegume intercropping is commonly practiced in world wide.
Canopy structures and rooting systems of cereal crops are generally different from those of legume crops. Ler land equivalent ratio values were greater in all intercropping systems with different planting. The productivity of cereallegume intercrops could be influenced by the spatial arrangement of the intercrops and the soil fertility status. This chapter describes the various aspects of cereallegume intercropping systems. A study was conducted to determine the most profitable crop arrangements for maize and soybean intercropping system. Intercropping of corn with some selected legumes for.
Save and grow in practice highlights importance of pulses. The intercropping systems are useful in terms of increasing productivity and profitability, water and radiation use. The objectives of the present study were i to estimate the effect of competition within cereallegume intercropping systems, e. However, forage potential and the degradability of harvested mixtures from intercropping system remain unclear. Pdf advantages of maizelegume intercropping systems. Environmental issues agricultural industry agricultural research agricultural systems innovations beans environmental aspects corn cropping systems legumes mimosaceae sustainable agriculture research. The intercropping of legumes with cereals offers scope for developing.
713 241 481 1199 87 1016 530 1340 444 202 972 529 839 1181 1064 614 1242 1120 542 125 1418 811 959 1114 1338 421 922 683 3 757 456 347